![]() He feared that rival European powers might try to take control of newly independent Latin American countries. ![]() President Monroe became worried after Mexico broke free from Spain in 1821. As a result, America supported these struggles. The political context surrounding the revolutions reminded most American leaders of the American Revolution. The American Revolution and its ideas of self-government and democracy inspired Bolívar and other South American leaders. Revolutionary fighter Simon Bolívar – nicknamed the Liberator – led many of these struggles for independence. By the early 1820s most of the Spanish colonies in the Americas had declared independence. Recall: What was the Adams-Onís Treaty? (1-2 sentences) Spain had other problems at this time. In return, the United States gave up its claims to what is now Texas. Under this treaty, Spain gave East Florida to the United States. In 1819, America and Spain signed the Adams-Onís Treaty, which settled all border disputes between Spain and the United States. (2 sentences) Jackson’s attacks in Florida convinced Spanish leaders to negotiate. Infer: Why did most Americans support Jackson’s actions in Florida? Explain. Recall: What country controlled Florida in 1818? 4. Most Americans, however, supported Jackson. He carried out these acts against Spain without receiving direct orders from President James Monroe. Then, Jackson overthrew the governor of Florida. During the war Jackson took over most of Spain’s important military posts. Jackson’s attack started the First Seminole War. In April 1818 Andrew Jackson’s troops invaded Florida and attacked Seminole fighters. settlements, but only after American settlers first attacked them. ![]() The Seminole often helped runaway slaves and sometimes raided U.S. The United States clashed with Seminole Native Americans living in Florida. General Andrew Jackson led these soldiers. troops to secure the U.S.–Florida border. Meanwhile, President James Monroe, elected in1816, had sent U.S. In 1818 Secretary of State John Quincy Adams, son of John and Abigail Adams, told Spanish diplomat Luis Onís that America would be settling in Florida. Recall: What was the Convention of 1818? (1-2 sentences) The United States also had a dispute over its southern border with Spanish Florida. America and Britain also agreed to occupy the Pacific Northwest in order to continue fur trade – this agreement that would soon be tested.Ģ. Recall: What was the Rush-Bagot Agreement? (1 sentence) Another treaty, known as the Convention of 1818, set the border between the United States and Canada at 49° N latitude as far west as the Rocky Mountains. In the spring of 1817, the two sides compromised by establishing the Rush-Bagot Agreement, which limited naval power on the Great Lakes for both the United States and British Canada. The United States and British Canada both wanted to keep their navies and fishing rights on the Great Lakes. The Treaty of Ghent had ended the War of 1812, yet there were issues left unresolved. How do you feel about living under a new government? (2 sentences) ADVANTAGES – part of a free, democratic nation – have representation in Congress – easier trade and communication Consider the DISADVANTAGES: – Taxes might increase – The new government may not understand Spanish customs – New laws and new elected officials. Draw TWO conclusions from the graph to the right. Which of the following was an effect of the War of 1812? (a) The United States defeated Spain (b) The United States maintained its independence from Great Britain (c) The United States gained land from Canada (d) The United States took control of Cubaĩ. manufacturing (b) a rise in unemployment (c) an increase in the production of cotton in the South (d) the repeal of the Embargo Act _ 8. During the War of 1812, trade interruptions resulted in (a) a boost in U.S. Where did most of the fighting in the War of 1812 take place? (a) in the United States (c) in Europe (b) at sea (d) in Canada _ 7. Why did the United States go to war with Britain in 1812? (a) to allow British influence among Indian groups on the frontier (b) to strengthen the alliance between Britain and France (c) to stop trade restrictions against merchants (d) to endanger the rights of U.S. Introduction – Answer the questions below. ![]()
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